دقت در گزارش‌های مالی بهتر است یا سرعت دسترسی به آن؟
همان‌طور که در مطالب پیشین گفته شد، در دهه‌های اخیر مدیران مالی تقاضای بیشتری برای آگاهی و استفاده از اطلاعات گزارش‌های مالی دارند تا در تصمیم‌گیری‌های خود از آن استفاده کنند. با وجود آن که آمارها نشان می‌دهد تعداد زیادی از شرکت‌ها تاکنون حتی گزارش‌هایی از این دست را در اختیار ندارند اما در حال تهیه الگوهایی برای گردآوری این اطلاعات هستند. گزارش‌های مالی باید حداقل‌هایی داشته باشند تا بتوان از آن‌ها به عنوان مبنای تصمیم‌گیری استفاده کرد.
این ویژگی‌ها گاه ممکن است همزمان دست‌یافتنی نباشند؛ مثلاً سرعت تهیه گزارش ممکن است دقت آن را کاهش دهد. شرکت‌ها باید بتوانند در جهت منافع خود میان این ویژگی‌ها تعادل ایجاد کنند:
سرعت دسترسی به گزارش‌های مالی
در بررسی‌های انجام شده در میان مدیران مالی (توسط گروه تحلیل کسب‌وکار شرکت IBM) بیش از نیمی از مدیران مالی (86%) اظهار داشتند که برای تهیه داده‌های مورد نیاز که بتوانند پرسش‌های کسب‌وکار را بر اساس آن‌ها پاسخ دهند، دست کم به چندین روز زمان نیاز دارند. سپس چندین روز دیگر باید صرف تحلیل این داده‌ها شود تا بتوان گزارش‌های قابل قبولی از نتایج آن تهیه کرد. به این ترتیب هر چه زمان می‌گذرد، امکان استفاده از گزارش‌های مالی در تصمیم‌گیری به موقع و استفاده از فرصت‌های کسب‌وکار کمتر می‌شود. روش‌هایی وجود دارد که می‌توان با به کارگیری آن‌ها گزارش‌ها را با سرعت بیشتر و خطای کمتر آماده کرد تا سازمان هزینه زیادی را برای از دست دادن فرصت‌ها متحمل نشود. جایگزینی روش‌های دستی گردآوری اطلاعات و استفاده از ابزارهای ابتدایی مانند اکسل با روش‌های خودکار و راه‌حل‌های نرم‌افزاری می‌تواند به شما کمک کند تا سریع‌تر به آن چه نیاز دارید دست پیدا کنید.
گزارش‌های مالی بدون خطا
استفاده از ابزارهایی مانند اکسل به عنوان ابزاری رایگان با قابلیت‌های زیاد می‌تواند به مدیران مالی کمک‌های بسیاری در ثبت، گردآوری و تحلیل اطلاعات کند. با این حال اشکالاتی ممکن است وجود داشته باشد؛ ایجاد نسخه‌های متعدد از یک دسته اطلاعات و تشخیص اینکه کدام یک درست است تنها بخشی از این موارد است. بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد دست کم 90% از برگه‌های اکسل دارای خطا هستند. با این حال بسیاری از شرکت‌ها هنوز از این ابزار جهت ثبت و تحلیل اطلاعات خود استفاده می‌کنند. راه‌حل‌های نرم‌افزاری قادرند احتمال چنین خطاهایی را به صفر برسانند و نیاز به وجود نیروی انسانی متخصص را نیز حذف می‌کنند، اما از سویی هزینه‌هایی را نیز به سازمان تحمیل می‌کنند. برای تصمیم‌گیری در مورد تغییر روش ثبت و تحلیل اطلاعات خود باید میان این هزینه و هزینه فرصت‌هایی که در صورت خطا در تحلیل باید بپردازید، انتخاب کنید.
امکان کسب بینش از گزارش‌های مالی
بیانیه مالی که یک شرکت در پایان یک سال مالی منتشر می‌کند، گزارشی جامع از فعالیت‌های شرکت، وضعیت فروش، درآمد، سود یا زیان، وضعیت سهام و … است. مخاطب چنین گزارش‌هایی عموماً مردم و یا ذی‌نفعان و سهام‌داران سازمان هستند و نمی‌توان گفت محتوای آن‌ها شامل سطح بالایی از تحلیل اطلاعات است. به بیان دیگر این گزارش‌ها شرح آن چیزی است که گذشته است. از این رو نمی‌توان گفت بینش و پیش‌بینی برای آن چه در آینده احتمالاً رخ می‌دهد را در اختیار ما می‌گذارند. بینشی که گزارش‌های مالی به دست می‌دهند، بسیاری از پرسش‌های کسب‌وکار را پاسخ می‌دهد. پرسش‌هایی مانند:
- ارزش دارایی‌ها در یک تاریخ مشخص چه قدر است؟
- کدامیک از واحدهای کسب‌وکار شما بیش از بودجه‌اش هزینه کرده‌است؟
- روند کسب درآمد و انواع درآمد کسب‌شده در بازه زمانی مورد نظر به چه صورت بوده است؟
- درآمد پیش‌بینی شده برای دوره زمانی مورد نظر در آینده چه قدر است؟ آیا مقدار درآمد پیش‌بینی شده در دوره قبل محقق شده‌است؟
- میزان دارایی‌های نقدی از یک دوره مالی تا دوره بعدی چه قدر تغییر کرده است؟
- و …
بررسی‌ها نشان داده‌است شرکت‌هایی که تأکید ویژه‌ای بر مدیریت مالی خود دارند، از رقبای خود بهتر عمل کرده و پیشی گرفته‌اند. به این ترتیب لزوم به کارگیری گزارش‌های مالی دقیق و تحلیلی در کوتاه‌ترین زمان ممکن به ویژه در شرایط عدم قطعیت اقتصادی حاکم بر فضای کسب‌وکار آشکار می‌شود. در مقاله‌های بعدی مشکلاتی که در راهکارهای نرم‌افزاری مدیریت مالی وجود دارد را بررسی خواهیم کرد.
برای کسب اطلاعات بیشتر پیرامون راهکار مدیریت مالی و حسابداری نوماتک به پیوند زیر مراجعه کنید:
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